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GSWM References

Please also refer to references within the following documents

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GSWM Development
Zhang, X., J. M. Forbes, and M. E. Hagan, Longitudinal Variation of Tides in the MLT Region: Part 1, Tides Driven by Troposphere Net Radiative Heating, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2009JA014897, in press. (accepted 14 January 2010)
Zhang, X., J. M. Forbes, and M. E. Hagan, Longitudinal Variation of Tides in the MLT Region: Part 2, Relative Effects of Solar Radiative and Latent Heating, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2009JA014898, in press. (accepted 19 January 2010)
Hagan, M. E. and J. M. Forbes, Migrating and nonmigrating semidiurnal tides in the upper atmosphere excited by tropospheric latent heat release, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A2), 1062, doi:10.1029/2002JA009466, 2003.
Hagan, M. E. and J. M. Forbes, Migrating and nonmigrating diurnal tides in the middle and upper atmosphere excited by tropospheric latent heat release, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4754, doi: 10.1029/2001JD001236, 2002.
Hagan, M. E., R. G. Roble, and J. Hackney, Migrating thermospheric tides, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12739-12752, 2001.
Hagan, M. E., M. D. Burrage, J. M. Forbes, J. Hackney, W. J. Randel, and X. Zhang, GSWM-98: Results for migrating solar tides, J. Geophys. Res. ,104, 6813-6828, 1999.
Hagan, M. E., J. L., Chang, and S. K. Avery, GSWM estimates of non-migrating tidal effects, J. Geophys. Res., 102,, 16,439-16,452, 1997
Forbes, J. M., M. E. Hagan, X. Zhang, and K. Hamilton, Upper atmospheric tidal oscillations due to latent heat release in the tropical troposphere, Ann. Geophys., 15, 1165-1175, 1997.
Hagan, M.E., J. M. Forbes, and F. Vial, On modeling migrating solar tides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 893-896, 1995a.
Forbes, J. M., M. E. Hagan, S. Miyahara, F. Vial, A. Manson, and Yu. I. Portnyagin, Quasi 16-day oscillation in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9149-9163, 1995.
Hagan, M. E., J. M. Forbes, and F. Vial, A numerical investigation of the propagation of the quasi 2-day wave into the lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23,193-23,205, 1993.

Select Diagnostics
She, C. Y., S. Chen, B. P. Williams, Z. Hu, D. A. Krueger, and M. E. Hagan, Tides in the mesopause region over Fort Collins, CO (41oN, 105oW) based on lidar temperature observations covering full diurnal cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D18), 4350, doi:10.1029/2001JD001189, 2002.
Manson, A., et al., Seasonal Variations of the Semi-Diurnal and Diurnal Tides in the MLT: Multi-Year MF Radar Observations from 2-70 N, Modelled Tides (GSWM, CMAM), Ann. Geophys., 20, 661-677, 2002.
Pancheva, D., et al., Global scale tidal structure during the PSMOS campaign of June-August 1999 and comparisons with the global-scale wave model, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 64, 1011-1035, 2002.
Mitchell, N. J., D. Pancheva, H. R. Middleton, and M. E. Hagan, Mean winds and tides in the Arctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A1), 10.1029/2001JA900127, 2002.
Geller, M. A., B. V. Khattatov, V. A. Yudin, and M. E. Hagan, Modeling the diurnal tide with dissipation derived from UARS/HRDI Measurements, Ann. Geophys., 15, 1198-1204, 1997.
Hagan, M. E., C. McLandress, and J. M. Forbes, Diurnal tidal variability in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, Ann. Geophys., 15, 1176-1186, 1997.
Palo, S. E., M. E. Hagan, C. E. Meek, R. A. Vincent, M. D. Burrage, C. McLandress, S. J. Franke, W. Ward, R. R. Clark, P. Hoffmann, R. Johnson, D. Kuerscher, A. H. Manson, D. Murphy, T. Nakamura, Yu. I. Portnyagin, J. E. Salah, R. Schminder, W. Singer, T. Tsuda, T. S. Virdi, Q. Zhou, An intercomparison between the GSWM, UARS and ground-based observations: A case study in January 1993, Ann. Geophys., 15, 1123-1141, 1997.
Hagan, M. E., Comparative Effects of migrating solar sources on tidal signatures in the middle and upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21,213-21,222, 1996.
Burrage, M. D., M. E. Hagan, W. R. Skinner, D. L. Wu, and P. B. Hays, Long-term variability in the solar diurnal tide observed by HRDI and simulated by the GSWM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2641-2644, 1995.
Hagan, M.E., J. M. Forbes, and F. Vial, An updated model of migrating tides in the middle atmosphere: Initial results and measurement comparisons, Proceedings of the Workshop on Wind Observations in the Middle Atmosphere, CNES HQ, Paris France, 1995b.

Related References
Chapman, S. and R. S. Lindzen, Atmospheric Tides, 201 pp., D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1970.
Forbes, J.M. and F. Vial, Monthly simulations of the solar semidiurnal tide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 51, 649-661,1989.
Forbes, J. M. and G. V. Groves, Diurnal propagating tides in the low- latitude middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 49, 153-164, 1987.
Garcia, R.R. and S. Solomon, The effect of breaking gravity waves on the dynamics and chemical composition of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophy. Res., 90, 3850-3868, 1985.
Groves, G.B., Hough components of water vapor heating, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44, 281-290, 1982.
Hong, S.-S. and P.-H. Wang, On the thermal excitation of atmospheric tides, Bull. Geophys., 19, 56-83, 1980.
Keating, G.M., et al., Improved reference models for middle atmosphere ozone, Adv. Space Res., 10, (6)37-(6)49, 1990.
Portnyagin, Y. I. and T. V. Solove-eva, An empirical model of the meridional wind in the mesopause/lower thermosphere, 1, A mean monthly emprirical model, Russian Journal of Meteorology and Hydrology, 10, 28-35, 1992a.
Portnyagin, Y. I. and T. V. Solove-eva, An empirical model of the meridional wind in the mesopause/lower thermosphere, 2, Height-latitude features of basic components of meridional wind seasonal variations, Russian Journal of Meteorology and Hydrology, 10, 29-36, 1992b.
Williams, C. R. and S. K. Avery, Non-migrating diurnal tides forced by deep convective clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4079-4091, 1996.

Last Updated: 13 May 2003 by Maura Hagan: hagan at ucar.edu